Earth Sciences

The studies of Earth's history and of the physical and chemical properties of the substances that make up our planet, are of great significance to our understanding both of its past and its future. The geological and other environmental processes on Earth and the composition of the planet are of vital importance in locating and harnessing its resources. This book is primarily written for research scholars, geologists, civil engineers, mining engineers, and environmentalists. Hopefully the text will be used by students, and it will continue to be of value to them throughout their subsequent professional and research careers. This does not mean to infer that the book was written solely or mainly with the student in mind. Indeed from the point of view of the researcher in Earth and Environmental Science it could be argued that this text contains more detail than he will require in his initial studies or research.

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• Chapter 1  The Expanding International Coal Marketby Jude Clemente
• Chapter 2  Weathering Indices for Assessment of Weathering Effect and Classification of Weathered Rocks: A Case Study from NE Turkeyby Sener Ceryan
• Chapter 3  The Effectiveness of Petrified Wood as a Geobiological Portal to Increase Public Understanding of Geologic Time, Fossilization, and Evolutionby Renee M. Clary and James H. Wandersee
• Chapter 4  Debris Flow Phenomena: A Short Overview?by Chiara Calligaris and Luca Zini
• Chapter 5  Heat-Transfer-Model Analysis of the Thermal Effect of Intrusive Sills on Organic-Rich Host Rocks in Sedimentary Basinsby Dayong Wang, Minglong Zhao and Tian Qi
• Chapter 6  Submarine Mass Movements: Sedimentary Characterization and Controlling Factorsby Gemma Ercilla and David Casas
• Chapter 7  Self-Organization of the Khibiny Alkaline Massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia)by Gregory Ivanyuk, Victor Yakovenchuk, Yakov Pakhomovsky, Natalya Konoplyova, Andrei Kalashnikov, Julia Mikhailova and Pavel Goryainov
• Chapter 8  Seismic Imaging of Microblocks and Weak Zones in the Crust Beneath the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateauby Haijiang Zhang, Steve Roecker, Clifford H. Thurber and Weijun Wang
• Chapter 9  Advances and Challenges of Reservoir Characterization: A Review of the Current State-of-the-Artby Ailin Jia, Dongbo He and Chengye Jia
• Chapter 10  Mechanisms and Effective Prevention of Damage for Formations with Low-Porosity and Low-Permeabilityby Jienian Yan and Jiaojiao Geng
• Chapter 11  Application of Hagedoorn’s Plus-Minus Method to Hydrology Studyby Jiandang Ge
• Chapter 12  Responses of River Deltas to Sea-Level and Supply Forcing: Autostratigraphic Viewby T. Muto, A.L. Petter, R.J. Steel, J.B. Swenson, A. Tomer and G. Parker
• Chapter 13  Numerical Geodynamic Modeling of Continental Convergent Marginsby Zhonghai Li, Zhiqin Xu and Taras Gerya
• Chapter 14  The Thermogeographic Model in Paleogeography: Application of an Abiotic Model to a Plate Tectonic Worldby Lee-Ann C. Hayek and Walter H. Adey
• Chapter 15  Mesothermal Lode Gold Deposit Central Belt Peninsular Malaysiaby Kamar Shah Ariffin
• Chapter 16  Computer Aided Ore Body Modelling and Mine Valuationby Kaan Erarslan
• Chapter 17  Mud Volcano and Its Evolutionby Bambang P. Istadi, Handoko T. Wibowo, Edy Sunardi, Soffian Hadi and Nurrochmat Sawolo
• Chapter 18  Xujiaweizi Rift Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Group Volcanic Sequence Stratigraphic Featuresby Zhang Yuangao, Chen Shumin, Feng Zhiqiang, Jiang Chuanjin Zhang Erhua, Xin Zhaokun and Dai Shili
• Chapter 19  Laser Altimetry: What Can Be Learned About Geology and Surface Processes from Detailed Topographyby Tim Webster
• Chapter 20  Remote Predictive Mapping: An Approach for the Geological Mapping of Canada’s Arcticby J. R. Harris, E. Schetselaar and P. Behnia
• Chapter 21  Monitoring of Heavy Metal Concentration in Groundwater of Mamundiyar Basin, Indiaby Imran Ahmad Dar, K. Sankar, Dimitris Alexakis and Mithas Ahmad Dar
• Chapter 22  Age Dating of Middle-Distillate Fuels Released to the Subsurface Environmentby Gil Oudijk
• Chapter 23  Geology and Geomorphology in Landscape Ecological Analysis for Forest Conservation and Hazard and Risk Assessment, Illustrated with Mexican Case Historiesby María Concepción García-Aguirre, Román Álvarez and Fernando Aceves
• Chapter 24  Radiolarian Age Constraints of Mid-Cretaceous Black Shales in Northern Tunisiaby Ben Fadhel Moez, Soua Mohamed, Zouaghi Taher, Layeb, Mohsen, Amri Ahlem and Ben Youssef Mohamed
• Chapter 25  Miogypsinid Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy from the Oligocene to Miocene Sedimentary Rocks in the Tethys Regionby Kuniteru Matsumaru